Lecture 16：倒装句

16.1.1 倒装基本概念#

什么是倒装

• 倒装基本概念：
  • 就是把一个句子正常的顺序颠倒；
• 主谓倒装：
  • 在考研英语中只需要掌握“主谓倒装”，主语和谓语顺序颠倒，即谓语动词被放到主语前；
• 两种倒装：
  • 全部倒装：谓语动词全部放在了主语前；
  • 部分倒装：谓语动词有一部分放在了主语前，还有一部分在主语后背；

16.1.2 全部倒装#

举例

• Among the 10 worst performers were ==some of the most populous states==, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence…
  • most populous states：人口最多的州；
  • were：谓语动词 -> 谓语动词前面的一般是主语 -> Among the 10 worst performers：这开头的是介词，介词不做主语 -> 再找主语：some of the most populous states；
  • 谓语动词全部在主语前面 -> 所以是全部倒装 -> 强调两件事情：
    • 1. 承上启下，引出从句的内容；
    • 2. 强调数量 Among；
• Implicit within Tylor’s definition is ==the concept==…
  • Implicit：包含在其中的…；
  • is 作为谓语；
  • 这里的 the concept 是主语，和谓语动词 is 调换了顺序；
• Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.
  • 突出强调不清楚，所以把 Also unclear 放在前面：突出不清楚；

重要句式：There be + 名词

• 表达含义：有
  • There be 的“有”不是拥有的意思，而是表达客观存在；
• 概念：
  • there be 是一个倒装句，原本是一个 be there；
    • 比如：There is a girl. = A girl is there.
  • There is a book on the table：客观的表达一种存在，在桌子上有一本书；

扩展句式：There be + 名词 + 介词短语

• 表达含义：表达地点、范围
• 举例：
  • There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medica journals…
    • 介词短语；
  • In some instances, there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.
    • 用 between 表示范围；
  • There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’sallowance.
    • now：表示现阶段；
  • There has been a kind of inflationary process at work…
  • …. But there have been controversial views about its economic. Political, social and cultural implications.
  • There may be more matches in the database..
    • 结合情态：there may be
• 补充：be 可以结合时态和情态

16.1.3 部分倒装#

概念

• 一部分在主语前，一部分在主语后背；
• 如何选择并进行部分倒装？
  • 引入：把陈述句变成一般疑问句；
    • 你喜欢吗？
    • you like it. -> Do you like it?
    • he like eat. -> Did he like eat?
  • 一般疑问句就是部分倒装句；
• 方法：部分倒装 = 把陈述句变一般疑问句；

情况 1：否定副词或词组位于句首

• 否定词：表示否定意思的词；
• 举例：
  • … And perhaps it has never served so much to connect different peoples and nations before.
    • never before：之前从来不可能
    • 倒装：…. And perhaps ==never before== has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

情况 2：only 位于句首

• 举例：
  • They will be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster only then.
    • 倒装：Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’sout-of-control monster.

情况 3：虚拟条件句省略 if

• 举例
  • But if Entergy had kept its word, that debate would be besidethe point.