Lecture 18:断开长难句之标点
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Lecture 18:断开长难句之标点
18.0 引言
如何分析长难句
- 第一章:基本结构的长难句分析
- 第二章:特殊结构的长难句分析
18.1 基本结构的长难句
18.1.1 什么是长难句分析
长难句分析
- 原理:
18.1.2 如何断开长难句
核心:如何断开
- 原理:
- 从哪里连的、从哪里断
- 方法:
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- 找标点;
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- 找连接词;
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- 分析主谓;
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18.2 断开长难句 - 标点
三类标点
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- 逗号;
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- 冒号;
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- 分号;
- 不常出现:4. 破折号;
18.2.1 逗号
逗号
- 概念:
- 通常逗号不会单独出现,经常是加了连接词之后,跟着一起出现;
- 注意:
-
- 例外情况
->并列举当中,可能and会换成逗号单独出现;
- 例外情况
-
- 标点使用的前提:必须接的是句子,而不是连词,连词中的逗号不可以表示断开;
-
举例
- The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain howideas actually spread.
- 逗号+but:but 为连接词,表示转折;
- 第一次断开:用逗号断
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- The idea is intuitively compelling
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- but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
- 这里还有谓语动词;
- 可以再通过连接词 how 来断开;
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- 第二次断开:
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- The idea is intuitively compelling
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- but it doesn’t explain
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- how ideas actually spread.
- 其中 2 当中包了一个 3,3 作为宾语从句,对explain进行解释;
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18.2.2 冒号
冒号
- 含义:
- 中文:某人说;
- 英语:进一步的解释说明;
- 概念:
-
- 冒号一般不需要加连接词,它自己就可以当连接词用;
-
- 表示后面对前面内容的解释说明;
-
举例
- It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to wantchildren just because Reese and Angelina make it look soglamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.
- 有冒号,所以至少可以分成两句话;
- 第一次断开:
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- It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to wantchildren just because Reese and Angelina make it look soglamorous:
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- most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut.
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- 一件事的核心是谓语动词,所以当前可以数谓语动词,知道是讲的几件事情;
- 五个谓语动词,所以可以断开成五段;
- 第二次断开:根据连接词
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- It’s hard to imagine
- it 指向 to imagine,to imagine 作为主语;
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- that many people are dumb enough to wantchildren just
- 宾语从句,指代 to imagine;
- just 修饰 because ;
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- because Reese and Angelina make it look soglamorous:
- 原因状语从句;
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- most adults understand
- 冒号后的内容表示进一步的解释说明
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- that a baby is not a haircut
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18.2.3 分号
分号
- 含义:
- 并列;
- 概念:
- 表示并列;
- 句子一;句子二;句子三;
- 也可以代表连接词用,就当作 and 用;
举例
- Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale thanin retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector isgrowing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.
- 基于分号断开;
- 第一次断开:
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- Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail
- moreover:表示递进的表达,如第一点、第二点、第三点…
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- wholesale demand from the food service sector isgrowing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often
- as:引出原因:欧洲人出门吃更频繁了;
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- and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate
- 句子很长。可以找一下有几个谓语动词;
- 唯一的谓语动词
->are … Making; - 句子长的原因
->介词短语连接 - 分析:
- 短句:changes are making it feasibkle to consoldate
- 介词:of this fragmented industry 在零碎的市场中
- 介词:in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry 在这零碎的竞争的市场中;
- 介词:it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate
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Lecture 18:断开长难句之标点
https://example.com/posts/notes/英语/01_语法/03_长难句分析/lecture-18断开长难句之标点/
