Lecture 22：分裂结构

22.0 引入#

三类特殊结构

• 第一节：分裂结构
• 第二节：嵌套结构
• 第三节：平行结构
• 就是基于普通的长难句，加上一些变化；
• 只需要现针对特殊结构做一些处理，然后处理完成之后还是【断开】+【简化】

22.1 什么是分裂结构#

分裂结构

• 概述：
  • 原本正常、连贯的句子，加上其他内容，使得其变成了分裂结构；
• 核心：
  • 找到分裂，还原连贯；
• 方法：
  • 把造成分裂的内容找到，将其还原成连贯的，接下来继续按照分析长难句的方法正常分析；
  • 1. 插入式分裂结构：把插入的内容去掉（重点），通常会使用两个标点符号隔出来；
  • 2. 从句后移式的分裂结构：把后移的内容往前提；

22.2 插入式分裂结构#

22.3 从句后移式分裂结构#

举例

• Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found that levels of productivity were related to changes inlighting.
  • 从句：levels of productivity were related to changes inlighting -> 解释说明前面的 evidence -> 从句被后移到了 was found 后背；
  • 移回来之后：
    • Contrary to the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting was found.
• In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more Than 300 business method patents…
  • 其中在 noted 和从句之间间隔了 in a court filing；
  • 因此可以前移：
    • In 2005, IBM noted that it had been issued more than 300 business method patents in a court filing…

22.4 真题演练#

举例

• What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would mimic the way humans think, continues to evade scientists
  • 插入造成的分裂结构；
  • 句子连贯起来：
    • What is being called artificial general intelligence… Continues to evade scientists.
    • evade：逃避、使… 困惑（这道题用的是这个）
  • 插入部分：
    • machines that would mimic the way humans think -> 解释 artificial general intelligence 这个名词；
• When one of these noneconomic categories is threatenedand, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give iteconomic importance.
  • noneconomic：没有经济价值的；
  • 插入的内容：条件状语从句
  • 当没有经济价值的种类是受到威胁时，我们就会给他一个借口，让它有经济价值；
• Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people-especially those born to familieswho have lived in the U.S.for many generations-apparentlyreached their limit in the early 1960 s.
  • especially those born to familieswho have lived in the U.S.for many generations -> 解释说明 today’s people 这个名词，限定意思；
• Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouragedto exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guiltyverdicts.
  • 从句：that witnesses might be encouragedto exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guiltyverdicts -> 本来是用于解释 concerns 担心的；
  • 但是被后移到了 were raised 后背；
  • 往前移：
    • Concerns that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate Their stories in court to ensure quilty verdicts were raised
• This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements ofFuturist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.
  • This -> 主语 -> 后背的内容是插入的
  • 主句：this can hardlu be classed as Literature
  • 从句：though it fulfills the laws and requirements ofFuturist poetry -> 解释为什么很难；
• If connections can be bought, a basic premise ofdemocratic societythat all are equal in treatment by is undermined government
• One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oilprices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970 s, it has notoccurred against the background of general commodity-priceinflation and global excess demand.